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So, the earliest of the spring-blooming perennials have barely had a chance to bud, let alone bloom and fruit and ripen — and the pests have already nibbled.  It feels unsportsmanlike, and I know sportsmanlike conduct is a human ambition, even further, a gentleman’s conceit, and that little is accomplished by measuring nonhuman animals against such a standard — but come on.  They are the very first buds, the slightest of nods to spring, and cutting them down at this stage preempts summer’s abundance.  Before it’s even conceived.

Maybe it’s a trust issue.  The animals don’t trust that I, or the rocky, inland coastal clay that passes itself off as soil here in San Diego, will produce a cornucopia.  That there will be good eating.  That we can work together — everybody having their job, in nature — and share the results.  But instead, my local pests have chosen to be the Party of No.  They refuse to cross the yard, to compromise for the good of the ecosystem.  Because of this narrow, short-sighted, lower-order-mammal kind of thinking, we could all end up with nothing.

These first-blooming efforts belong to the June-bearing strawberries I have throughout my yard.  In the past week I was surprised to find them developing immature fruits here and there, little sprays of green proto-berries surrounded by delicate white petals.  I had convinced myself that this must be the way it works: Plants start producing at the tail-end of winter, just before spring when the pests are still dormant.  Having been so stymied last spring, I had been searching for an answer to how the wild works it out.  And in the past week, I thought I’d found it.

But no.  There’s something flawed here.  Some kind of imbalance, with too many pests, and too little eats.  I am still hopeful that the el nino rains we’re expecting will grow enough of what the the naysayers should be eating to distract them from my yard, at least for a little while.  All I’m seeking is a foothold, a chance to begin.  I’d still share, despite this premature salvo.

However, I’m afraid there will be no negotiating with these entrenched self-interests.  And I refuse a repeat of last year’s denuded landscape.

So, I’m seeking out solutions.  And I’m open to a Bush Doctrine approach to gardening.  But I’d also like to keep it clean: I’m looking for an organic, environmentally responsible throw down, green fisticuffs, an eco-brawl.

I need suggestions on how to deal with squirrels, rabbits, skunks, raccoons, and voles.  Send me links.  Post.  E-mail.  Forward this.  Link to it.  Share it.  With a little help, I can take back the yard in ‘10.  I can show those animals that preventing every plant from fruiting is no way to garden.

Yes I can.

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Half and half

With the end of January we reached the middle of our effort in terms of days, but certainly not in terms of calories.  The 7,568 calories we have managed to grow and eat from our yard since August 1 of last year represent .5 percent of our annual count, or about two days worth of food for us.  In terms of the 15 percent goal, it is equivalent to 12 days at that rate.

Winter’s been good so far.  We’ve been able to eat a variety of vegetables from the yard fairly regularly: Bull’s Blood Beets, Autumn King Carrots, Little Gem Romaine Lettuce, Marvel of Four Seasons Butterhead Lettuce, Correnta Spinach, Fordhook Giant Swiss Chard, Mammoth Melting Sugar Peas, Green Sprouting Calabrese Broccoli.  It’s all tasty good stuff, but it doesn’t add up too fast when charting calories.  And, we’re looking at another lull in production, just like at the start of our cool season crop, with nothing really ready to eat for a little while.

We achieved the .5 percent Saturday night, sharing two soups with my parents, sister, and grandpa.  We cooked the split pea soup we made a month or so ago (see “A whole meal of food”, posted Dec. 8), and we tried a new potato-chard soup.  Chard is the only crop we have in abundance, so we’ve been eating more chard than I ever imagined — which is easy, because I never imagined anything about chard.  We have also experimented with a sauted chard and look forward to trying a chard-tomato casserole in the coming week.

Hopefully the chard will sustain us until the next round of winter crop comes in.

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I have had this … pile in my yard for nearly six months.  It grows and shrinks, but mostly just sits there doing nothing spectacular — at least nothing I have been able to notice.  Six months is the amount of time I have most often read that it takes for a pile like mine to become “black gold”, or nutrient-rich compost.  I have read it described as beautiful, crumbly, that it smells like life.  However, six months in my compost pile still looks like a pile of debris.

Apparently there is an art and, as one might expect, a science to composting.  To be clear, there is no art to my effort.  But I read extensively about the science of composting.  I chose a location that gets sun, but not a full day’s sun because here in San Diego that would most likely dry out the pile — and to function biologically, the pile needs to be about as damp as a wrung out sponge.  I dutifully watered my pile, and while I never checked the moisture content with anything technical, it never started stinking, which is an indicator that the pile is too wet.  I have also been pretty good with the carbon-nitrogen balance, not that I have ever weighed or measured anything I’ve dumped onto my pile.  The idea is, brown, dead plant material, ash, and newspaper are carbon contributors, while green clippings from the yard and animal waste (like chicken manure) are nitrogen contributors.  The C:N ratio is supposed to be 25:1.

I never turned my pile, but there are two schools of thought on that: in one school, you turn it; in the other, you don’t.  The Turning School of Compost Development says the turning evens out the composting process by mixing the less composted surface material with the more composted lower levels, resulting in a finer soil.  The turning also injects a burst of oxygen into the pile, which speeds up the aerobic bacteria and the composting process.  The Leave It School of Compost Engineering says that this very burst of productivity burns out critical components of the composting process, and disturbs basically every level of organism involved in turning stuff into soil.  Leaving it is doing it like nature does it.

But in my yard, nature hasn’t been doing it.

I have picked up a few tips along the way, little “oh, right” moments here and there.  The first came from a former student, Mike, who suggested I not dump oranges and orange peels into the pile because they are too acidic for some of the organisms at work there.  Great tip.  Stopped doing that.  Another good one: I read that two piles is essential because at some point I need to stop putting new stuff into the pile so it can finish.  That one seems kind of common-sense obvious.  I hadn’t been doing this, which might be why my pile still looks like a pile of debris.  I started a second pile last week.

Composting has many sustainable-living perks.  The two most relevant to reducing my wife and I’s impact elsewhere are the reduction in trash we send out and in the soil amendments we bring in.  The average American tosses 1,460 pounds of garbage into landfills every year.  Recycling helps, of course, but organics that won’t recycle will compost.  We throw out maybe one small bag of garbage each week (and it definitely does not weigh 70 pounds).  And even if the amendments we bring in are all organic and chemical-free, there’s still an industrial process behind whatever we add to our yard each season.  We’d rather make our own.

So, I think I’ll turn that pile this weekend.  Soon I should be getting some help stewarding the compost.  Apparently the chickens I just ordered will be a boon to the effort with their scratching and droppings.

The pile could use a boon.

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1.10.11 1024x768 More than one way to split a pea

During a respite in the week-long storm that’s projected to drop 8-20 inches throughout San Diego County, I wandered our near-fifth acre, harvesting a few things for a dinner salad and surveying the damage.  The winds have been gusting hard and regular, battering our fruit trees and tilting the giant Silk Oak that tends to shed thick branches in such weather.  The new chicken coop looks a bit fragile, and precarious, beneath it.

Most of the garden has held up well, but the dozen or so pea vines I have growing in our front yard have been torn and tangled, the trellises in some cases snapped, pulled out, tossed.  The wet weight of knotted peas is testing the resilience of our young English Oak, bending branches they hung delicately from just a few days ago.

Many of the vines will probably have to go, which isn’t a total loss since we’ve been able to harvest so many peas and pods from them for soups and salads.  And there’s still time to plant another round.

We’ll see what else goes down.  The brunt of the storm hits Thursday.  The rain has again left me wishing we had a catchment system in place.

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On squash and friends

1.10.4 1024x680 On squash and friends

Sunday we decided to finally do something with a few of the Delicata Squash that have been ripening in a bowl on our counter for about four weeks.  I have been extremely skeptical of how edible they’d turn out to be because they were grown way out of season, and for the last few weeks of that time they sat on plants sickened first by a massive aphid infestation (see Convergent lady killers, posted Nov. 17) and then by powdery mildew — the same pest that kept all the other out-of-season winter squash from producing and killed them (see Death by a billion spores, posted Oct. 15).

So, I harvested these squash not because they were ready, but because the plants were dead or dying.  Not a confidence builder in terms of quality.

We cut a few of them up, and they looked and smelled like squash should look and smell.  The recipe called for carrots, which we were able to pull from the yard, too.  And we threw together a salad made from greens from our garden as well as from Paul and Amy’s.  It turned out to be a flavorful and hearty soup, more so than the split pea we made a month or so ago (see A whole meal of food, posted Dec. 8).

I have never been reticent about sharing the food we grow, but since I started this calorie-counting effort, I can’t help but to — just for a second — think of the shared food as calories lost.  The thought never lasts because I enjoy giving food I’ve grown (especially when it tastes good).  In truth, the people receiving the shared food have been more hesitant in accepting, often saying, “But you could be eating this!”  Friends also counsel us to just count the calories anyway toward our 15 percent (actually, until last night my wife had no idea we weren’t doing just that).  However, what other people eat doesn’t really have anything to do with our annual calories and where they come from.  It has to do with theirs.  But if they’re eating from our yard, it’s definitely local and raised responsibly — so it should be counted in some way.  Where everyone’s food comes from and how it is grown matters.  And, sharing the food we grow is part of the community side of this effort: people getting together to grow as much of their food as they can, eat it, and share it.  Ultimately, it’s not just about what I or my wife eat.

So we’re going to count shared calories, separately, as a way to acknowledge that responsible food that gets eaten is never wasted.

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A green-roof chicken coop

Over the past few days I, and my friends Paul and Charles, built a green-roof chicken coop in preparation for the chicken raising that will be going on in my yard this spring.  I’ll be ordering three or four day-old chicks when they become available in February.  We can hardly wait.

I researched and designed the coop months ago, but had been waiting for classes to let out for winter break to build, then for the holidays to pass.  This left me nothing to do but pour over the designs again and again, staring at them with nothing left to tweak as a poor substitute for construction.  (I have included the plans and materials list I used to build the coop — construction documents they are not, as my wife, skilled in AutoCAD, noted.  I am happy to explain the plans to anyone looking to build from or modify this design.  She has promised to render the plans in AutoCAD for a future post.)

Researching green roof construction proved interesting.  There seems to be some consensus on the layers required to make a functional living roof, but a lot of variation exists in the materials used.  Beyond ensuring the structure can hold the added weight of wet soil and biomass, the concern turns to moisture control and drainage — keeping the water off the wood.  This is where the layers come in.  I started by covering the plywood with 3M Flashing Tape, then covered that with this sticky, tar-backed U.S. Seal Instant Waterproof Tape.  For drainage, I used a Tuftex PVC Panel, which is ribbed and will direct excess water off the roof.  It will also serve as a root barrier keeping the plants from burrowing into the wood.  Atop this I placed two layers of burlap to keep the soil from sloughing off down the drainage channels: Water can easily penetrate this layer, so the plants won’t drown, but the soil should mostly stay in place.

All that’s left is planting.

We chose to incorporate a living roof into the design because it gets so hot here in the summer, and the insulating properties of the roof will help keep our chickens cool.  And it’s more space to grow edibles — for us and the chickens.

The coop took one full day of prep (buying materials, cutting, staining), one full day of building (framing, siding, chicken wire), and a half day of tinkering and fine tuning (hinges, latches, nest boxes, green-roof layers).  Definitely a three-person job, especially when stretching and stapling the chicken wire, which tends to lacerate and stab like dried-out bougainvillea.  But, overall, a smooth build for three suburbanites with zero farm-type construction experience between them.

It went together like I planned, and it looks like I imagined — success.

So, I guess we better get some chicks.

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The other 85 percent

There’s little chance of growing 100 percent of anyone’s daily calories in a suburban yard.  It’s true for us, and our near fifth of an acre is a pretty good size as far as yards go.  It’s true for most people.  Beyond lot size, there are also light and soil quality concerns, not to mention the butchering that would be part of any non-vegetarian or -vegan diet — and slaughter is not neighbor or zoning friendly, mostly.  There’s also a skills issue when you talk 100 percent.

This leaves the question of the other percent.  We’re shooting for 15 percent from our yard, so for us the other percent is a big 85.  What do we do about that?  The answer to this question is as important as any decision we make about what grows or how it grows on our property.  If we satisfy this big giant number of calories irresponsibly, or without the ideals that we apply to our own home growing in mind — then what’s it all about?  We could easily overshadow the global benefits of our super local effort by satisfying the rest of our calories at McDonald’s or stocking our freezer with CAFO meats from 1,000 miles away or filling our bellies with international fruits and vegetables.  And we’d be missing our own point, which is a decidedly unattractive quality in a person.

So, what do we do?  Support local farmers who share our ideals and the markets that sell their work.  And the restaurants that cook with their foods.

We’ve been enjoying a nearby farmer’s market these past few months, and we intend to make it a regular part of our week.  There is something fundamental in shopping a place where all the food’s not pretty.  In San Diego there are dozens of farmer’s markets we’ve yet to try, but want to, particularly one that we’ve heard specializes in meats in cheeses.  We’re also planning on buying into a CSA with a few friends, which will support growers and give us access to local, seasonal produce — and challenge us to cook with ingredients we’re not used to.  Each of these options eliminates costly intermediaries between food and people, in the same way that growing at home does, and requires a more thoughtful relationship with what’s being eaten, how it’s being grown, and who’s growing it.

In terms of related New Year’s resolutions, I’m resolved to do better with the foods I buy, particularly concerning their place of origin.  I’ve been doing well the past few months in buying organic produce and range-fed meats (and in making meats a side rather than a main dish), and I’ve been shopping and supporting a market that shares some of my philosophy, but I could do better with figuring out how local the food is.  Distance takes some of the responsibility out of responsibly raised.

I’m also resolved to add a little foraging to the menu.  And by a little, I mean one act of foraging.  I’m keeping my effort minimal because this is way beyond my skill level and comfort zone.  But, I’m inspired by the author of Fat of the Land, which is by far the best food blog I’ve read.  And, foraging is a pretty ecologically sound way to go in terms of consumption.  What will I forage?  I have no idea.  I guess we’ll see.

With the other percent in mind, I’ve added two widgets to the blog (see sidebar at right).  One maps out all the farmer’s markets in your area (and there are probably more than you are aware of, with different specialties; this was true for me).  The other helps you find local and responsibly raised foods at a number of different places, including restaurants.  These will be permanent additions and will hopefully help anyone who is interested find a route to better eats — a supplement to the home-raised bit of calories, no matter what percent that adds up to.

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The upside of winter

Despite winter’s rep as a food-less time of year, a season during which many home growers and their yards hibernate, waiting for warm weather and the common edibles that come with it — we’ve been having a good growing experience.  Our cold season crop has been a windfall compared to the pest-devastated warmer months earlier this year.  Without the context of a bountiful spring and summer, we’re looking at our food-producing December garden with wonder.

This winter has really been our first harvest.  Being able to head out into the yard and choose from several different ready crops is what I had in mind when I started this effort, and that’s where we’re at now.

Would I like more variety, more volume?  Yep.  But for now, I’m feeling pretty good about being able to walk out the back door and snip, pick, or pull romaine and butterhead lettuce, spinach, carrots, beets, broccoli, peas, chard, oranges, or tangelos.  Just last night we combined a few of these for salads and sides to our meal, eating more than 300 calories from the yard in one sitting — more than half what we need to get to 15 percent for the day.

I feel optimistic for the spring planting as I order seeds and imagine the hearty yields they’ll bring.  But I also recognize that our successful winter garden relies in part on the inactive pests hibernating in their dens like warm-season gardeners.

They’re waiting for spring, too.

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For the worms

In the spirit of the listing that this season entails — the New York Times has no fewer than 11 book lists to guide what readers read and buy — and the good reading weather the cool season brings (though it is 77 degrees in San Diego as I write this), I thought I’d jot down some of the books that have been shaping my thinking on this super-local eating scheme.

Must read.

  1. The Ominivore’s Dilemma, by Michael Pollan
  2. In Defense of Food, by Michael Pollan
  3. The End of the Wild, by Stephen M. Meyer

Should read.

  1. When the Rivers Run Dry, by Fred Pearce
  2. Citizenship Papers, by Wendell Berry

Could read.

  1. Field Notes From a Catastrophe, by Elizabeth Kolbert
  2. Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, by Barbara Kingsolver

Skip it.

  1. The World Without Us, by Alan Weisman
  2. Coming Home to Eat, by Gary Paul Nabhan

This last book I’m working my way through now, and it’s a bit wandering and self congratulatory without imparting any real knowledge or sense of experience.  At best.  Which is disappointing because I had high hopes: It recounts a guy’s attempt to consume only what he can get from within 220 miles from his Arizona home (a bit far for “local”, but a great goal).

I have a “to read” stack on my desk that includes The End of Food, by Paul Roberts; Hot, Flat, and Crowded, by Thomas L. Friedman; Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser; and Second Nature, by Michael Pollan.  That’s where I’ll be heading next, trying to read as many as I can before the spring semester starts and my reading turns back to student work.

If there’s anything else I should read, or any of the above that I’ve misread — drop me a note.

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The fortunate rain

The several storms that hit San Diego this past weekend left me little to do in the way of gardening but plan.  So I fiddled with my designs for a living-roof chicken coop — designs that needed no fiddling.  That will get built in January.  Chicks in February or March (We can’t wait!).  I flipped through the Gurney’s catalog several times, noting the seeds I’ll order for spring and fuming at their refusal to ship most fruit and nut trees to California.  I peered out the window, from the sidelines, as the strong winds that came with the rains tore at the broccoli, tomatoes, and peas.

But mostly what I did (besides grade final exams) was watch the rain run off things.  Suburban areas are pretty well waterproofed, with roofs, patios, driveways, streets, gutters, and slopes that ensure the water goes to a particular place — away.  For a drought-stricken area such as San Diego, it’s a strange objective.  Then again, this is a place where people have to be reminded to turn off their sprinklers when it rains and threatened with fines to adhere to rationing during the driest months.  It’s a mindset that comes from never having lived without water, and it’s luxurious thinking.

Watching the runoff made me think about rain catchment systems and wish we had ours.  We have plans, but that’s all.  For someone who intends to grow edibles here in July and August, saving the rain seems like the right thing to do.  Forget edibles — for anyone planning on growing anything in San Diego in July and August, it’s the right thing to do (unless that San Diegan is making trips with a bucket to the San Diego river — not recommended).  But I don’t know a single person who catches the rain.

The weekend storms twisted and tied my tidy climbing snow peas into a knotted ball, and the harsh winds and cold proved the final blow for the Delicata Squash, following on the heals of a massive aphid infestation and powdery mildew.  But the peas are still producing, and there are a few salvageable squash.  The leafy greens looked vibrant by Monday morning, so we ate some, and all the newly planted, second-round winter crop seems to have gotten a boost from the downpour — including the winter wheat fortuitously sown the day before the storms.

So not all the water went to waste.  We kept some.

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